FTE (Full-Time Equivalent)

Standard measure of employee labor hours

HR or Workforce Metrics

Face Value

Nominal value of a financial instrument

Finance

Facility Management

Maintenance of physical buildings and infrastructure

Operations

Factoring

Selling accounts receivable for immediate cash

Finance

Fair Market Value

Price an asset would sell for in a free market

Finance or Valuation

Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG)

High-volume, low-cost items sold quickly

Retail or Marketing

Feasibility Study

Assessment of project or business idea viability

Planning or Strategy

Fiduciary Duty

Legal obligation to act in another party’s best interest

Legal or Finance

Final Consumer

End-user who ultimately consumes a product

Marketing or Economics

Financial Audit

Independent review of financial statements

Accounting

Financial Leverage

Using borrowed funds to increase investment returns

Finance

Financial Literacy

Understanding financial concepts and tools

Education or Finance

Financial Model

Spreadsheet-based representation of business performance

Finance or Analysis

Financial Ratios

Metrics for evaluating financial health

Finance or Accounting

Financial Statement

Formal records of financial activities

Accounting or Finance

Financing Round

Stage of raising capital (e.g., Series A, B)

Startups or Investment

First-In, First-Out (FIFO)

Inventory method where oldest stock is sold first

Accounting or Inventory

First-Mover Advantage

Benefit of being the first in a market

Strategy

Fiscal Year

12-month financial reporting period

Accounting

Fixed Assets

Long-term tangible assets like property or equipment

Accounting

Fixed Costs

Expenses that remain constant regardless of output

Accounting

Fixed Exchange Rate

Currency value tied to another currency or basket

Economics or Finance

Fixed Income

Securities that pay fixed interest (e.g., bonds)

Finance or Investments

Fixed-Term Contract

Employment contract for a defined period

Legal or HR

Flat Organization

Few hierarchical levels in company structure

Management Structure

Flexible Working

Non-traditional working arrangements (e.g., remote, hours)

HR

Float

Time between payment and actual funds transfer

Finance

Float Inventory

Stock moving between stages but not yet accounted

Operations

Floatation

Process of making shares available to the public

Finance

Floor Price

Minimum acceptable price for a good or service

Pricing or Economics

Flowchart

Diagram showing steps in a process

Operations or Process

Fluctuation

Variability in data or market conditions

Economics or Finance

Focus Group

Small group feedback for product or brand insights

Marketing or Research

Foot Traffic

Number of people visiting a location

Retail or Marketing

Force Majeure

Clause relieving liability for extraordinary events

Legal

Forecast Accuracy

How close a forecast is to actual results

Analytics

Forecasting

Predicting future trends or performance

Strategy or Analytics

Foreign Exchange (Forex)

Trading currencies on the global market

Finance

Forward Integration

Business expansion into direct distribution or retail

Strategy

Founder

Individual who starts a business

Entrepreneurship

Franchise

License to operate using another company’s brand and system

Business Model

Franchise Disclosure Document (FDD)

Required info for potential franchisees

Legal or Franchising

Franchise Fee

Initial cost paid by franchisee to franchisor

Business Model

Fraud

Intentional deception for personal gain

Legal or Compliance

Free Cash Flow (FCF)

Cash available after operating expenses and CapEx

Finance

Fulfillment

Process of preparing and delivering orders

Logistics or Ecommerce

Functional Leadership

Leading a department or area of expertise

Management

Functional Structure

Organizational structure based on job functions

Management

Funding

Providing capital for business operations

Finance or Startups

Funnel (Sales Funnel)

Model representing the customer journey stages

Marketing or Sales