Management

Planning, organizing, and overseeing business operations

General or Leadership

Management Buyout (MBO)

Purchase of a company by its own management team

Finance or M&A

Management By Objectives (MBO)

Performance management via agreed objectives

HR or Strategy

Management Fee

Charge by managers for administering funds or services

Finance or Investments

Management Information System (MIS)

System for managing business data and decision-making

IT or Operations

Managerial Accounting

Internal accounting for business decision-making

Accounting

Manual Processing

Tasks handled without automation or digital tools

Operations

Manufacturing

Producing goods using labor, materials, and equipment

Operations

Manufacturing Overhead

Indirect costs involved in manufacturing

Accounting or Costing

Margin

Difference between revenue and cost (e.g., profit margin)

Finance or Accounting

Margin Call

Demand by broker to deposit more funds for security maintenance

Finance or Trading

Marginal Cost

Cost of producing one additional unit

Economics or Finance

Mark-to-Market Accounting

Adjusting asset values to reflect current market prices

Finance or Accounting

Market Capitalization

Total value of a company's shares on the stock market

Finance

Market Differentiation

Creating product or service distinction in the market

Marketing or Strategy

Market Disruption

Innovation that significantly alters existing markets

Strategy or Innovation

Market Entry Strategy

Plan for entering a new geographical or customer market

Strategy or International

Market Intelligence

Data analysis on markets and competitors

Strategy or Analytics

Market Penetration

Increasing sales of existing products in current markets

Strategy or Marketing

Market Research

Gathering data on consumer needs and preferences

Marketing

Market Saturation

Point at which a market can no longer absorb more of a product

Marketing

Market Segmentation

Dividing a market into distinct customer groups

Marketing

Market Trends

Patterns and movements in a market over time

Analytics or Strategy

Market Value

Current value of a company in the marketplace

Finance

Market-Based Pricing

Setting prices based on competitors and market conditions

Pricing Strategy

Marketing

Activities to promote and sell products or services

General or Promotion

Marketing Automation

Software to automate repetitive marketing tasks

Digital Marketing

Marketing Mix (4 Ps)

Product, Price, Place, Promotion strategy framework

Marketing

Marketing Plan

Document outlining marketing goals and tactics

Marketing or Strategy

Marketing ROI

Return on investment for marketing efforts

Marketing or Analytics

Mass Customization

Tailoring products to individual needs at scale

Operations or Marketing

Matrix Organization

Hybrid structure with dual reporting lines

Management Structure

Media Buying

Purchasing ad space or airtime across media platforms

Advertising

Media Kit

Set of promotional materials for media or advertisers

PR/Marketing

Media Planning

Selecting channels and timing for advertising campaigns

Marketing or Advertising

Merger

Combining two companies into one entity

M&A or Strategy

Merger & Acquisition (M&A)

Transactions where companies consolidate assets or ownership

Finance or Corporate Development

Microeconomics

Study of individual and business-level economics

Economics

Middle Management

Managers bridging top executives and front-line staff

HR or Structure

Milestone

Key event or checkpoint in a project timeline

Project Management

Minimum Viable Product (MVP)

Basic version of a product to test market response

Product Development or Startup

Mission Statement

Company’s purpose and core values statement

Strategy or Branding

Mission-Critical

Vital processes or systems essential to business survival

Operations

Mobile Marketing

Advertising and outreach via mobile devices

Digital Marketing

Monetization

Process of converting activity or asset into revenue

Finance or Strategy

Money Market

Short-term borrowing and lending of funds

Finance

Monthly Recurring Revenue (MRR)

Predictable monthly income in subscription businesses

SaaS or Finance

Motivation

Driving employee engagement and productivity

HR or Leadership

Multi-Level Marketing (MLM)

Sales strategy using recruitment and personal sales networks

Sales or Distribution

Multinational Corporation (MNC)

Company operating in multiple countries

International Business

Mutual Fund

Pool of funds from investors managed for returns

Investment